( fl 1284–92). English craftsman, active in Ireland. He is the only medieval craftsman active in Ireland whose career can be traced in any detail in documentary sources. During the 1280s he was much involved in a programme of royal castle building, part of a strategy of fortification to quell the more rebellious areas of the country. Although his specific achievements as an architect and builder are a matter of conjecture, his activities provide an insight into the organization of royal building in the 13th century.