(b Bamberg, 18 April 1872; d Belgrade, 1972). Serbian painter of German birth. At first she studied painting at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Munich. She also worked with Anton Azbé. From 1898 she lived mostly in Belgrade. Her earliest works reflected the influence of plein-air painting in Munich, which changed to Impressionism before World War I. Her later style was predominantly realistic; she painted many pictures of the Serbian landscape and its people. She was the originator of Serbian artistic caricature and left around 500 humorous portraits of contemporaries from the social and cultural scene in Belgrade.