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Scuola di Posillipo.
Italian school of landscape painters working from c. 1820 to 1850 and named after Posillipo, a hilltop village near Naples. The principal artists were Giacinto Gigante, Achille Vianelli and ANTONIO SMINCK VAN PITLOO, its founder. The members reacted against the academicism prevalent in the work of such late 18th-century Neapolitan landscape painters as Philipp Hackert and concentrated on plein-air painting. Pitloo came to Naples in 1814 to teach at the Accademia Tecnica del Paesaggio. Despite his academic background, in 1820 he established an informal studio at Posillipo, where young artists, many of whom were earning their living as vedutisti (see VEDUTA), could learn from his more spontaneous approach, where he used a lighter palette and painted en plein air, as in Three Temples at Paestum (c. 1820; Naples, Capodimonte). This manner of painting represented a complete break with such grandiose approaches to the landscape as Hackert’s Hunting Scene (1783; Naples, Capodimonte). An important external influence on Pitloo was the intermittent presence in Naples of Turner between 1819 and 1829.
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