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Kuwayama Gyokushu [Kasetsudo, Choudo]
(b Kii Prov. [now Wakayama Prefect.], 1746; d 1799). Japanese painter, art critic and theorist. His family was descended from a tea master and samurai vassal of warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi, but by the time of Gyokushu’s birth the Kuwayama had given up Samurai status and become well-to-do shipping merchants. His highly influential essay on literati art (Nanga; see JAPAN, §VI, 4(vi)(d)), Kaiji higen (‘Humble words on painting’), was published posthumously in 1800 by the patron, collector and painter Kimura Kenkado. In 1790 Gyokushu published Gyokushu gashu (‘Collected works of Gyokushu’), which explains the importance to Japanese artists of the theories of DONG QICHANG, a Chinese artist and theorist of the Ming period (1368–1644). Both treatises attest to Gyokushu’s understanding of literati aesthetics.
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