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Kameda Bosai [Kameda Choko; Kameda Hosai]
(b Edo [now Tokyo], 1752; d Edo, 1826). Japanese painter, poet, calligrapher and book illustrator. The son of an Edo merchant, he studied calligraphy from a very early age under the noted Chinese-style calligrapher Mitsui Shinna (1700–82). He also received a Confucian education, unusual at that time for a merchant’s son. From about 1765 to 1774 Bosai trained under Inoue Kinga (1732–84), an influential Confucian scholar of eclectic doctrines as well as a painter and calligrapher, at the Seijukan, a private academy near Yokohama. Bosai opened a Confucian academy in Edo in 1774. In 1790, however, the Tokugawa shogunate issued an edict aimed at curtailing the popularity of such schools as Bosai’s, where students were encouraged to develop their own moral philosophy rather than accept the government-sponsored Confucianism of the Chinese Song-period (AD 960–1279) philosopher Zhu Xi. Bosai gradually lost his pupils and in 1797 closed his school.
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