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Gong Xian [zi Banqian; hao Yeyi, Chaizhang]
(b Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, 1617–20; d Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 1689). Chinese painter. He was regarded by traditional Chinese art historians as the leading painter of the 17th-century NANJING SCHOOL, a regional style of landscape painting distinguished by solidity of form and expansiveness of spatial rendering. Other Nanjing painters whose work shared these characteristics, in contrast to the more skeletal, two-dimensional and calligraphic styles prominent elsewhere in China, included Wu Bin ( fl 1568–1621) and Fan Qi (1615/16–c. 1694), both of whom influenced his art, as well as the lesser artists Ye Xin ( fl 1650–70s), Zou Che (1636–c. 1708), Gao Cen ( fl 1670s; d 1689), Hu Cao ( fl 1681), Wu Hong ( fl 1670s–80s) and Xie Sun ( fl 1679). Gong, Fan and the latter artists are usually referred to in traditional painting histories as the Eight Masters of Jinling [Nanjing].
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