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Dai Jin [Tai Chin; zi Wenjin; hao Jing’an, Yuquan Shanren]
(b Qiantang, near Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 1388; d Hangzhou, 1462). Chinese painter. An account by Lang Ying (b 1487) provides the most extensive early biography of Dai Jin. As a young man, probably in the 1410s, Dai travelled to the capital at Nanjing with his father, who presumably worked there in some official capacity. Dai failed to make a name for himself in the capital and returned to Qiantang to resume his study of painting, which he had probably begun with a local Zhejiang master. His reputation grew such that c. 1425 he was recommended to the new emperor, Xuande (reg 1426–35), and he went to Beijing in the hope of securing an academy appointment. His plans were thwarted, however, by the envy of established painters, in particular Xie Huan ( fl c. 1368–1435), a favourite artist and adviser to the Emperor, who claimed to detect anti-government bias in Dai’s works. Unrolling a series of Dai’s landscapes representing the four seasons, Xie remarked approvingly on the spring and summer scenes but took severe exception to the autumn scene, in which the artist had depicted a fisherman wearing a red coat, attire thought suitable for gentlemen–officials but not for commoners. Yuan-period (1279–1368) artists had sometimes painted scholars dressed as fishermen, implying thereby that the educated classes deliberately avoided service under their Mongol rulers. Xie adduced as evidence another of Dai’s works, Seven Worthies Passing the Barrier (c. 1425–35; untraced), which was based on an old tale (gushi) recounting the flight of seven men from a tumultuous and badly ruled state. The Emperor agreed with Xie, and according to Lang Ying the eunuch responsible for recommending Dai was executed. Dai, however, escaped at night to Hangzhou.
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